“God is
Dead,” declared Nietzsche over 100 years ago. Who is this God who has died - or
who, rather, according to Nietzsche - we killed? I think he was the corrupt
invention of a desperate people.
It goes this
way. The Great Spirit is everywhere in nature. All is sacred. This is the
universal experience of early peoples. It is how things are, and far older than God, the new kid on the block. The Jews, a slave
race, flee the Pharoah, and spend years wandering in the desert wilderness:
this is the book of Exodus. They have fled a tyrant, but tyranny is what is
familiar to them. And so, in the absence of a tyrannical worldly ruler, they
create a tyrannical Otherworldly ruler. It is the psychology by which adults
replicate painful family situations from childhood, because that is what they
know.
This
tyrannical God is abstracted from the natural world, he dominates it from
above. The Jews were living in a harsh, unforgiving reality in which the
people's survival was at stake if they did not follow strict codes of
behaviour. So there was a practical as well as a psychological reason for an
authoritarian God. He is for the same reason jealous of the pagan god Baal.
What eventually arose were the monotheisms of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, all of
which treat the Old Testament as a holy book.
There is, of course, the New Testament, which has a less authoritarian flavour. But even there, right at the start, you have Jesus saying you can only reach God through him. So it is there also. Christianity hit the big time when the Roman Empire, which needed an authoritarian religion to unite it, adopted it. And the rest is history: crusades, inquisitions, witch burnings and so on.
It has been
said that monotheisms are desert religions, because their context is just one reality:
the desert and the sky. In a jungle, by contrast, there are many realities,
which therefore lends itself to polytheisms. Lots of spirit animals! It is why
you got saints as Christianity spread beyond the desert.
So good
riddance to God and his authoritarian ways. It has left the western world
floundering in a sea of uncertainties. Politics has taken its place. Extreme
right and left wing politics are a substitute for religion: they give the sense of certainty and belonging, and the prospect of redemption, that religion once provided. We see it too in the
causes that young people take up - it is natural to them to do so - but with a
religious dogmatism that brooks no disagreement. You are, for example, quickly
labelled a 'climate denier' or a 'transphobe' if you question the mainstream
narratives around climate and gender. People get 'cancelled'.
Into this
brew walks Shamanism, which represents a return to that which was universally
true before the corruption of the monotheisms. Shamanism is not true in a rigid
sense: it has no holy books or founders. It is nevertheless perfectly possible to become
authoritarian about it: you see that on the internet, where some people are
quick to correct others about what shamanism is and isn’t. That is just a power
thing, that is people wanting to stand above others, and there will always be
people like that. You can learn a lot by watching them.
Shamanism,
in a way, begins and ends with the experience of the natural world. In that is
everything you will ever need to know, but you have to find it for yourself. We
are a part of nature, neither above it (as God would have us believe) nor below
it, a kind of plague (as many environmentalists would have us believe). The
latter is an example of what Jung called enantiodroma, in which one switches to
the psychological opposite: from above nature to below nature.
For the
Chippewa Cree, we do indeed have a special place: the new-born ones, because we
are the only animal that does not know who it is. And so we can learn to know
who we are by observing nature – as part of it, not as separate to it – for animals
and plants and rocks and streams all know who and what they are, and get on
with it.
The loss of
our traditional religion has been a mixed thing, and its influence persists: in,
for example the scientific quest for truth, with its unspoken implication that
the truth will redeem us. It is this passion that drives research scientists. It
will indeed redeem us, but not very much if we are using the narrow scientific
definition of truth alone. I think the hatred of humanity often found within
environmentalism has reverberations of Original Sin, in this case our sin
against the Mother, the Earth, for which we must pay by dismantling our whole
way of life. I think it is important to look at the mythological roots of what
drives us.
The
collective needs a new mythology to live by, or it will continue to treat
politics as religion, as a philosophy that can set us free. We saw how disastrous
that was with Communism. (The far right is as nothing compared to the far left
when it comes to mass murder.) We can only ever free ourselves individually.
Trying to change the world is usually an avoidance of the responsibility we
have for our own souls.
Whether our
huge modern collectives of people can have a mythology that is not to some
degree authoritarian and crazed is something to which I do not know the answer.
When there are fewer people, a tribe can govern itself more through
relationships than rules. And that keeps things human, and keeps the mythologies
softer. Most people will always want a simple belief of some sort about the
universe and how it came to be; you need people who are listened to who can
dance around that, in the knowledge that really we know nothing about how the
universe came to be, and never will. The healers and medicine people, if you
like. Or, in our context, the poets.
I think
Shamanism does provide the necessary basis for any society to be healthy. The
modern world needs Shamanism. We have a big mission on our hands,
we have a whole world to convert! But I don’t mean that evangelically. It is
more like a spirit we can convey in a natural kind of way, without actually
trying to, simply by being ourselves, and letting people come our way rather
than seeking them out.
We do nevertheless
have some ideas to convey: for example, that the whole world is alive,
inspirited, and why would it not be? That we belong intimately to the natural
world, there is nothing in us that is outside of that. And the simple, but
world-transforming, idea of regularly expressing gratitude to the earth for her
bounty.